ASE July 2025

51

Economic Valuation: Making the Invisible Visible

“Any conversation on conservation cannot be delinked

from livelihoods, belief systems or mobility patterns.”

From a policy perspective, Chandra Taal is a “critical test case for framing conser­

vation in fragile Alpine systems”. Despite its designation as a Ramsar site, Arghya

notes that “designation alone doesn’t protect it”; it requires active, on-ground

management. His work with Wetlands International involves implementing an

“integrated management plan” (prepared with the State Forest Department of

Himachal Pradesh), a comprehensive strategy. This plan rigorously “ties ecologi­

cal monitoring with tourist regulation, catchment, level planning and community

stewardship”, demonstrating a multifaceted approach. Ultimately, Chandra Taal

matters because it sits at the “intersection of biodiversity, climate, resilience,

and sociocultural continuity”. It profoundly “challenges us to think of wetlands,

not as isolated systems or isolated units, but as living systems embedded in

people and politics”.

Arghya’s research into the economic evaluation of biodiversity and ecosystem

services reveals an often unsettling paradox: “how persistently invisible many

ecosystem services remain in decision making even today”. Despite the avail­

ability of sophisticated tools to assign economic value, directly and indirect­

ly, a significant portion of nature’s contributions often “fall through the cracks,

especially in developmental planning”. This critical oversight incurs long-term

ecological and societal costs. He notes that easily monetized “provisioning ser­

vices, such as tourism,” tend to be readily accounted for. In stark contrast, vital

“regulating services like flood buffering” frequently go unvalued, leading to crit­

ical blind spots in policy and investment decisions.

A particularly “striking insight” from his work has been the pervasive under­

valuation of “cultural and relational values, especially in indigenous and local

contexts”. In the wetlands and forest landscapes where he conducts his field­

work, communities relate to ecosystems not merely as a “natural capital” to be

exploited or quantified, but as “teachers, or spiritual entities”. These deep, in­

trinsic relationships form the fabric of human-nature coexistence and are inher­

ently complex. They “don’t translate easily into rupees or dollars”. The attempt

to force these underlying connections into purely monetary terms often serves

to “flatten their significance”, reducing a multidimensional bond to a simplistic

transaction.